History of TV Broadcasting Essay

1950s During the 1950s, the University of Santo Tomas and Feati University were exploring different avenues regarding TV. UST showed its home-made beneficiary, while Feati opened a test TV channel two years after the fact. On October 23, 1953, the Alto Broadcasting System (ABS), the trailblazer of ABS-CBN, made its first broadcast as DZAQ-TV Channel 3. The ABS workplaces were then situated along Roxas Blvd. ABS was possessed by Antonio Quirino, sibling of previous president Elpidio Quirino. Therefore, the main broadcast was that of a gathering at the owner’s habitation, procuring Elpidio Quirino the respect of being the principal Filipino to show up on TV. The station worked on a four-hours-a-day plan (6-10PM), covering just a 50-mile span. ABS was later offered to the Lopez family, who later changed it into ABS-CBN By 1957, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN), possessed by the Lopez family, worked two TV stationsâ€DZAQ Channel 3 and DZXL-TV Channel 9. 1960s By 1960, a third station was in activity, DZBB-TV Channel 7, or, the Republic Broadcasting System. It was possessed by Bob Stewart, a long-lasting American occupant in the Philippines who likewise began with radio in 1950. RBS began with just 25 workers, an excess transmitter, and two old cameras. During this time, the most famous repulsiveness arrangement on Philippine TV was Gabi ng Lagim. In 1961, the National Science Development Board was set up. It was behind the most punctual activity to utilize nearby TV for instruction, â€Å"Education on TV† and â€Å"Physics in the Atomic Age.† In 1963, RBS TV Channel-7 Cebu was introduced The Metropolitan Educational Association (META), in collaboration with the Ateneo Center for Television Closed Circuit Project, created TV arrangement in material science, Filipino, and the sociologies which were communicated in chosen TV stations and got by taking part optional schools. The META group was going by Leo Larkin, S.J., with Josefina Patron, Florangel Rosario, Lupita Concio and Maria Paz Diaz as individuals. The undertaking kept going from 1964 to 1974. By 1966, the quantity of exclusive TV channels was 18; ABS-CBN was the greatest system when Martial Law was pronounced. By 1968, the every day TV content comprised for the most part of canned projects; just 10% of projects was privately created. That year, ABS-CBN furnished Filipinos with a live satellite feed of the Mexico Olympics. Filipino crowds additionally observed the Apollo 11 landing live in 1969. 1970s During Martial Law, Ferdinand Marcos requested the conclusion of everything except three TV slots: channels 9 and 13 were inevitably constrained by then Ambassador Roberto Benedicto, and Bob Stewart’s Channel 7 was later permitted to work with restricted three-month licenses. ABS-CBN was seized from the Lopez family, and Eugenio Lopez Jr., at that point leader of the system, was detained. In 1973, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP) was sorted out to give an instrument to self-guideline in the communicate business. By the last piece of 1973, Channel 7 was vigorously paying off debtors and had to offer 70% of the business to a gathering of financial specialists, who changed the name from RBS to Greater Manila Area (GMA) Radio Television Arts. Stewart had to surrender larger part control to Gilberto Duavit, a Malacaã ±ang authority, and RBS revived under new possession, with another configuration as GMA-7. At the point when the smoke cleared, the watcher had channels 2, 9, 13, run by Benedicto; Duavit’s 7; and 4, which had a place with the Ministry of Information. When DZXL-TV Channel 9 of CBN was offered to Roberto Benedicto, he changed the name from CBN to KBS, Kanlaon Broadcasting System. So when a fire decimated the KBS TV studios in Pasay, the individuals of Benedicto assumed control over the ABS-CBN studios on Bohol Avenue, Quezon City. His workers moved in, and by August 1973, KBS was communicating on all ABS-CBN channels. After a year, Salvador â€Å"Buddy† Tan, head supervisor of KBS, revived Channel 2 as the Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The two Benedicto stationsâ€KBS Channel 9 and BBC Channel 2â€mainly circulated government purposeful publicity. 1980s In 1980, Channels 2, 9, and 13 moved to the recently assembled Broadcast City in Diliman, Quezon City. In 1980, Gregorio Cendaã ±a was named Minister of Information. GTV Channel 4 got known as the Maharlika Broadcasting System. When Benigno Aquino was killed in 1983, it was a little thing on TV news. GMA Channel 7 gave the memorable memorial service parade 10 seconds of broadcast appointment. In 1984, Imee Marcos, girl of Ferdinand Marcos, endeavored to take over GMA Channel 7, similarly as she did with the Benedictos. Be that as it may, she was thwarted by GMA administrators Menardo Jimenez and Felipe Gozon. On February 24, 1986, MBS Channel 4 went shut off during a live news gathering in Malacaã ±ang and during a trade among Marcos and afterward Chief of Staff General Fabian Ver. The system was in the long run taken over by rebel powers and began broadcasting for the Filipino individuals. On September 14, 1986, ABS-CBN Channel 2 made a rebound and continued telecom following 14 y ears. On Novermber 8, 1988, GMA introduced the â€Å"Tower of Power,† its 777-feet, 100kW transmitter, the country’s tallest man-made structure. In 1988, PTV Channel 4, at that point MBS, was propelled as â€Å"The People’s Station.† 1990s During the 1990s ABS-CBN propelled the Sarimanok Home Page, the station’s Web nearness, making it the principal Philippine system on the Internet. On February 21, 1992, ABC Channel 5 revived with another multi-million-peso studio complex in Novaliches. By 1996, 89% of Filipinos and 57% of Philippine families sat in front of the TV 6-7 days per week. In 1997, the Children’s Television Act (RA8370), accommodating the production of a National Council for Children’s Media Education, was passed. By 1997, 57% of Filipino families had at any rate one TV. 100% of those in class AB had TVs, instead of just 4% in class E. In 1997, the Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation effectively propelled Agila II, the country’s first satellite. By 1998, there were 137 TV slots across the country.

Ancient Roman Meals :: essays research papers

Old Roman Meals      The old Romans were like todays ages in their eating propensities however never ate three healthy dinners daily. Ientaculum and prandium were just hors d'oeuvres that filled their stomachs unitl the huge cena, the occasion they anticipate since arousing. They had names for their suppers like our own, breakfast (ientaculum), lunch (prandium), and supper (cena).      Breakfast, ientaculum was typically taken around nine o'clock and comprised of just a couple of bits of bread sprinkled in salt or dunked in wine, and with a hardly any raisins and olives, and a little cheddar included. The most unfortunate Romans ate minimal other than wheat either squashed to make a porridge or ground into flour for bread.      Lunch, or prandium was generally taken around early afternoon. It was normally nothing in excess of a bit of bread joined by chilly meat, vegetables, and natural product washed down with a glass of wine. Both ientaculum and prandium were so short there was no compelling reason to prepare the table or wash ones hands.      The just genuine feast was the night supper or cena. Supper time was for all intents and purposes the equivalent for all Romans because of the absence of counterfeit light. Supper was after the shower toward the finish of the eigth hour in winter and at the ninth in summer. The food is generally chilly,- breads, plates of mixed greens, olives, cheeses, and meats remaing from a nights ago supper. Once in a while, hot dishes, for example, ham and pig's heads are eaten upon. Some well off Romans would have upwards of seven courses to benefit from.      Trimalchio, a well off Roman would have a tanned jackass with hors d'oeuvre dishes of olives, stuffed dormice overflowed with nectar and poppy seed, hot hotdogs were laid on a silver barbecue close to pomegranate and damson seeds. The visitors were as yet occupied with the appetizers when a plate would be gotten with a container on it, in which there was a wooden hen spreading her wings. Under the straw were Peahen eggs that would base dropped. Each egg contained a fat becafico moved up in spiced egg yolkf. There were plates with the twelve signs of Zodiac on them that had food matas ching the image, slam, bull, crab, figs, lion, and so forth. A few hosts would warm a wfshole pig and afterward engage his visitors by having talented swordmen cut the dad fig like he was slaughtering it. In the wake of eating, numerous visitors would engage each othed sfr in burping. It was thought of respectful to burp and discharge wind after a ni sce dinner. Visitors would just snap their fingers and hirelings would come running with jars to contain pee.

Boosting your Productivity with this Golden Morning Routine

Boosting your Productivity with this Golden Morning Routine Starting a business and managing it is a gratifying career choice. However, it is an extremely time-consuming and demanding process at the same time. As it is easy to get lost in everything that needs to be done and the hours seem to fly by too fast, a proper structure is essential for keeping a clear (and healthy) head. Many things influence the quantity and quality of results.However, proper building blocks always bring forward a stable and fruitful construction. As an entrepreneur, you are the building block and should thus start looking for answers primarily in yourself. One of the things that will certainly arise is the influence your lifestyle has on your business.You do not have to change your whole life in order for your business to work. Balancing different segments is something humans are actually very good at (even though it sometimes does not seem like it). A well structured morning routine can do a great lot in reference to what an entrepreneur needs â€" optimal producti vity and even more than that â€" it allows you to (at least sometimes) actually have a life aside from your business. © Shutterstock.com | gpointstudioIn the following article we will present the factual background of the benefits of an early morning routine (for productivity reasons) and the guidelines for its practical implementation through four sections: 1) Circadian Rhythm and Productivity, 2) The Early Start, 3) Routine â€" Why Does it Boost Productivity, 4) A Golden Morning Routine.CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND PRODUCTIVITYCircadian rhythm (lat. circa dies approximately (a) day’) is the totality of processes that oscillate in the approximate time frame of 24 hours. It is a self-sustained and entrained (adjusted to the entity) biological activity in animals, plants and humans influenced by external elements of light and temperature (and in smaller amounts eating/drinking, exercise, social interaction and other). The circadian rhythm allows living beings to adapt to Earths 24-hour and 12-month cycles.All people notice the variations of their energy levels throughout the day without actually question ing what it is that makes them ready for a take at Mt. Everest in one moment and the inability to move five meters without a considerable effort in the next (whether physically or psychologically). The answer is â€" the circadian rhythm (in a prevailing number of cases). Moreover, this biological process is most noticeably represented in the differentiation between morning and evening types of people.The given circadian rhythm changes during the course of a lifetime â€" children are mostly morning types, adolescents transfer to evening types, adults and seniors change back to morning types. However, in practice, every individual builds up their rhythm through their lifestyle choices, regardless of the above-stated age-related differences.Influences on ProductivityFollowing the natural circadian rhythm ensures timely usage of high energy levels in order to optimize your productivity.The quantity of productivity one can obtain during 24 hours depends on the elements that influence cir cadian rhythm (these elements are called zeitgebers). Of course, productivity levels are also related to the psychological state of the individual (whether overall or in reference to a particular assignment).However, human mind and body generally reach peaks of energy and focus in certain parts of the day â€" high points are around noon and 6 pm. The lowest energy point is proven to be around 3 am. From there the energy levels slowly build up over the course of the morning and reach its peak at noon. This is followed by a decrease in the interval between 1 pm and 4 pm. At this point, the levels rise again peaking at 6 pm and continue to deteriorate towards the lowest point (again, around 3 am).Morning vs. EveningIn addition to (and in correlation with) the oscillation of energy levels, humans are substantially influenced by the exchange of light and dark cycles. This causes different characteristics of morning and evening productivity. The settings upon which our systems work respon d to the light and dark cycles even on a cellular basis.All these elements should be taken into consideration in relation to productivity. It is simply logical that, in order to use our brains highest capacities, we should follow our time clock. This means that waking up early synchronizes our assignments with the building up of our energy and focus. However, this does not mean that evening types are not able to be productive. Research shows that, due to various zeitgebers, evenings can be an excellent platform for creativity â€" due to the lower focus levels, the mind is less attached to structures and can wander off into imagination. The different opportunities are just one other proof of the beautiful balance humans are made in.Can we Change our Circadian Rhythm?Most definitely! Although the process of adaptation to a different circadian rhythm takes some time, it is a time well used for our productivity, and, more importantly, for our health. Following our given inner clock is not an army-structured process, it is living up to our potentials (and actually making things easier).In order to change ones circadian rhythm, it is necessary to gradually and simultaneously move the hour of waking and going to sleep backward. It is as simple as that. Ideally, this would come to a 6 am or 7 am waking point. Most people need six or seven hours of sleep to function properly (kudos to those who need less); therefore, going to bed should not be later than midnight (preferentially around 11 pm).THE EARLY STARTGetting an early start can be a detrimental productivity factor in matters of quantity as well as quality of the work which is being done. Upon waking up one should tend to smaller assignments and gradually, as the focus rises, attend to the most significant and complex parts of work that needs to be done on a particular day. According to our circadian rhythms this type of work should be done somewhere between 11 am and 1 pm. This way one can complete a substantial amount of demanding tasks relatively early in the day, while simultaneously having enough time left to attend other assignments (without the major issues hanging over ones head), rest and even have some leisure time.It is no wonder that people who wake up later have a feeling that half of their day is gone (in matters of optimal productivity it actually has) and accumulate stress over work that has to be done (and their productivity levels are starting to decrease immediately upon waking up). A continuous repetition of such behavior leads not only to smaller success rate but also to health deterioration.Is an Early Start Important for Entrepreneurs?In addition to the overall perks stated above, most entrepreneurs virtually cannot run a successful business as night owls. Majority of the business world operates on a 9 to 5 schedule. While the creative parts of entrepreneurship can be constructed anytime, managing a business must be synchronized with certain time intervals. Most commu nication and transactions must be attended somewhere in the course of the work day. It is crucial to coordinate assignments timely in order to maximize productivity. Ways in which this can be achieved will be discussed in the following sections of the article.ROUTINE â€" WHY DOES IT BOOST PRODUCTIVITY?There is a major difference between a rut and a routine. A rut emerges as a result of continuous repetition of unproductive elements in ones life. It leads to apathy and lack of interest (sometimes even to depression). It is a mainly passive approach to (and perception of) life and is consisted out of maintaining a status quo which does not provide any sense of accomplishment or change (and these two factors are essential for growth and development which are necessary for leading a quality life). Ruts are something every person should fundamentally avoid (entrepreneurs even more so).A routine, on the other hand, is a qualitative process one can incorporate to his/her life in order to b oost productivity and balance out the diverse factors which constitute everyday life. It consists of repetition of a sort. However, this repetition is flexible and carefully constructed so as to improve abilities of dealing with obligations. Moreover, routines serve more as a helpful attachment not a guiding principle.Routines as a Factor of Productivity OptimizationAccording to a number of studies, well structured routines balance human willpower in an effort to reach highest productivity levels. It is clear that one cannot be at the peak of productivity all day long. However, routines can induce optimal productivity throughout the day because they target maintenance of self-control and focus.Regardless of the given energy levels caused by our circadian rhythm (that is, our lifestyle), willpower is a major element which determines productivity. As we wake up, our willpower to work and accomplish things is extremely high. This has beneficial effects on the quality and quantity of ou r focus and self-control allowing us to tackle obligations optimally. However, as the day proceeds, the willpower begins to diminish â€" because it is being used. There is almost nothing more difficult than to make oneself do something one does not feel like doing.However, routines tend to help maintain sufficient levels of willpower (consequently, they are beneficial for productivity). They provide a structure within which assignments and obligations are attended. They work as a psychological system of recognition which emerges from and is controlled by the individual. Stability arises from arranging the ‘what I need’ and ‘what I must’ properly. This means that routines usually embody and balance various elements in order to achieve an appropriate level of contentment necessary for adequate work ethic (hereby we are addressing the work ethic induced from the individual â€" not by implementation of external authority).A GOLDEN MORNING ROUTINEIn this section we are going to a ddress the practical employment of all of the information we have presented above. As it is with all things, knowledge is useless if it is not applied in some way. Therefore, we will begin with a few tips on how to create a productive environment (as this is also important in relation to our quest) and proceed to the construction of a Golden Routine which will skyrocket your productivity!Productive EnvironmentFactors which must be taken into consideration when creating a productive environment are basically the same for most people. Firstly, one must bear in mind that interruptions are one of the biggest enemies to concentration. If it is possible in any way, your workplace should be secluded (but not isolated) and proactive. This applies especially for those who work at home â€" other members of the household must be aware that work hours are work hours.Further on, the workplace must have a substantial amount of light as it ensures attention and concentration. Ideally, the light sh ould be natural. However, if artificial lights are necessary, it is important to make sure their intensity is not too strong or too weak. You do not want to manage yourself (and your employees) as chicks in a chicken factory (constantly kept in an invasive state of alert) or provide an ambiance of a nargile cafe in Istanbul.Additionally, temperature of the workplace should be mild (not too cold or too hot). As every person has different thermal preference, heating or cooling devices can come in handy.Whether you are working alone or with a group of people, try to keep a positive, uplifting, caring attitude (towards yourself and towards others). A good flow of positive energy can do wonders for productivity.The Golden RoutineWhat needs to be reinstated before we proceed to the construction of an early morning routine which will surely boost your productivity is that routines are flexible. People are different and employ a myriad of preferences. These preferences should definitely be incorporated into individual routines. One has to feel comfortable and in sync with oneself with his/her routine because that is the only way optimal productivity can be achieved.However, certain elements should definitely be a part of your routine (because they work!) and here we will present a list of ‘mandatory’ building blocks:Waking up early:  Your alarm should go off from as early as 5:30 and no later than 6:30. It sounds like we are talking about rising with the dawn (actually, we are!). Your body clock is currently in the process of continuous increase, and you should take advantage while you can.Water:  Many early birds accentuate the importance of drinking a larger amount of water upon waking up (somewhere around half a liter of water would be perfect). The water will give your body a kick start and awake the sleepy cells. Moreover, many people forget to drink sufficient amounts of water over the course of the day and this way you can take care of at least a part of it . Mix in some lemon juice if you want â€" it will be a tasty, refreshing and uplifting drink.Coffee/tea +To Do’s/ Low Intensity Work/Assignments:  Prepare a cup of coffee or tea and contemplate your obligations and objectives for the day. Write them down as a rough to do list (it will help stay focused later in the day). Tend to low intensity assignments such as preparation of materials for work, answering and writing e-mails and updating business social networks (if you have them). Finishing these will allow clear concentration while you are attending to the more complex work later in the morning.Activity/Exercise:  Choose some kind of activity or exercise to empty your head and energize your body. It can be 30 minute walk, yoga or a high intensity workout â€" the options are literally endless.Breakfast:  Have a balanced meal before you start to use your grey cells. Whole grain cereals, fruit and yoghurt are an excellent breakfast choices, however, if they do not work for you, op t for something else.Complex Assignments:  Now that you are fed, relaxed and energized, start doing the ‘hard work’. This is the prime time of your concentration and productive capability. Use it well and finish as much as you can before you start feeling your focus and energy decrease.Rest, Low Intensity Assignments, Creative Work:  If you have followed the routine more or less precisely, it is 1 pm and you have done massive amounts of work already (including the most important ones). Bear in mind that some people have yet to wake up. Now you can commit to rest, other assignments (or finishing touches) and creativity without the dark cloud of obligations and stress above your head.Entrepreneurs have a multitude of responsibilities â€" ranging from creativity and management to the overall self-investment into their business and projects. Productivity is a non-negotiable necessity. As we have stated in the article, the circadian rhythm can influence energy levels immensely. On th e other hand, good focus can be instigated and maintained through implementation of a routine. Consequently, a combination of the two can boost productivity significantly. Our Golden Routine guidelines should make a good starting point for maximization of results â€" professional and private likewise.